Philosophical outlooks and polemics between herbert marcuse

INTRODUCTIONThe middle of XX century marked new era in the western philosophy: shaping of modern mass culture, aftersounds of the second World War, growing opposition between socialistic and capitalistic regimes caused emergence of a so-called â€Å"second crisis† in a western social philosophy. The brightest representatives of that time philosophical paradigm were German American philosopher Herbert Marcuse, an offspring of a well-known â€Å"Frankfurt school† and native American philosopher Norman Oliver Brown.They represented two different approaches in social philosophy. Being a witness of German people’s struggles during Nazi regime Marcuse formed his outlook as a leftist philosopher and sociologist becoming a partisan of a â€Å"Freudian-Marxist† philosophy. Pessimistic perspectives of Norman Brown on the contrary determined his â€Å"apocalyptical mystical† outlooks. These philosophical approaches of two brightest scientists of the last centu ry need to be compared and contrasted.MAIN DISCUSSIONDuring the 1960s the philosophical debates between H. Marcuse and N. Brown concerning interpretation of Freudian ideas made a serious impact on the development of social philosophy. As J. Chytry (Chytry, 1989) believes, Norman Brown's and Herbert Marcuse's interpretations of Freud â€Å"seemed to point to meaningful, and opposed, orientations for the New Left [a new paradigm in social sciences during middle XX century]. During this period of time Freud, as many scientists believe, appeared as the successor to a ‘superannuated’, but not yet surpassed, Marxist project (Zaretsky, 2002). This discussion of Freudian ideas also influenced interpretations of aesthetics, culture and politics.In the middle of XX century both Marcuse and Brown developed own vision of Freudian ideas in a general philosophical and cultural context Two books of two philosophers written in the 1950's are captivating explorations of Freud's outlook s and the implications of psychoanalytical ideas of sexuality on human freedom. Herbert Marcuse’s â€Å"Eros and Civilization†, published first focused on the role of sexuality in forming of modern civilization and humans.The second is â€Å"Life Against Death† by Norman O. Brown who developed Freudian idea of suppression and applied it to the general civilization’s context. Generalizing the main ideas of two examinations it’s necessary to mention that both authors focused on remedial therapeutic strategies able to cure diseased society of XX century infected by revolutionary ideas, aggression, intolerance etc. Orthodox psychoanalysis as both Brown and Marcuse believed suggests society a principle of reality and ethics of survival. The logics of this survival they, however, see in different manners. In a word, they stood on different psychological positions according to which society exists.The polemics between Marcuse and Brown wasn’t liter ally a virtual one. Being close friends they often criticized philosophical outlooks of one another afterwards. Nevertheless that both philosophers were troubled with the same idea to help pinched society the visions of such help were different. Marcuse believed in the primacy of progress and technique that is to replace out of time relationships between people. Brown on the contrary believed in palliative imaginative escape from the problems. With this one should define the main doctrines of two philosophers: Marcuse stood on the ideas of rationality while Brown, in his turn, looked for imaginative escape from the reality.Norman Brown believed that repressed sexuality of people appears the primary reason for their aggression. To avoid aggressiveness of people Brown suggests his idea of â€Å"polymorphous perversity† believing that each person and every part of the body are to be used in all-round sexual play (Myers, 2004). Brown fully supports Freud’s idea of unconsci ousness and develops it quite logically. He believed that psychoanalytical mechanism of suppression serves negative function for people provoking their intolerance and aggression. Instead, Brown voted for transformation of subliminal ideas to rational ones.As far as Eros is the primary subliminal drive of people Brown suggests to â€Å"construct an erotic sense of reality† that means to realize people’s implicit sexual desires. A primary goal of society, observing Brown is to establish chaos or anarchy where all people are free from anger and realize their sexual ambitions. Marcuse, however, believed that freedom could be achieved through transformation of technology writing that: â€Å"Freedom indeed depends largely on technical progress, on the advancement of science†.To achieve this freedom Marcuse votes for the necessity of technological changes in accordance with the new sensible demands of the life instincts. â€Å"Then, according to Marcuse, one could sp eak of a technology of liberation, product of a scientific imagination free to project and design the forms of a human universe without exploitation and toil† (Marcuse, 1966, p. 19).The Freudian Marxist Herbert Marcuse also inspired by Freudian symbolism believed in its crucial role in social and political contexts. He believed that revolutions, anger, freedom etc. are nothing more than symbolic ideas, objectives and events that have their roots in repressed people’s sexual energy. Nevertheless, on the contrast to Brown Marcuse saw final goal of the society in establishing of Marxist society where all people will finally be socially equal.These ideas are closely interrelated with further Marcuse’s ideas of â€Å"One-dimensional men†. Marcuse, along with Marxists blames free market and private property for all man's economic and social ills. He believes that these ills can be cured only by the abolition of private property. Brown in his turn believed that h armony means love and devotedness being, hence, more close in his ideas to Christian and Buddhist theologies.While Brown called for establishment of a new chaotic society Marcuse developed own vision of changes. He called for the alteration of the very fundamentals of society that would be modified by the elimination of class society.Suggesting himself more rational approach to Freudian interpretation Marcuse believed that Brown’s ideas completely contrast with practice: he   recognized Brown's mad monism to be powerless to bring about political and social improvement. Marcuse did not believe it possible to replace technology with some sort of mystical unity of man and nature. He, besides, considered that Freudian ideas fail in helping of people’s adjustment to society. With this Marcuse was closer to Freud himself who was also pessimistic about achieving long-term benefits for society in general through psychoanalysis.Brown, in his turn, was looking for different ps ychoanalytically based solutions for people’s harmony. He believed that to reduce man to â€Å"nothingness† (a chaos) is to find a best â€Å"solution† to society’s and people’s deepest problem, i.e. social existence. Brown believed that to achieve long-lasting social harmony people are to forget of their superiority over other creature that, according to Freud, leads to serious mental neuroses. According to Brown, when the idea of power and domination first emerged it appeared a reason for all problems. Marcuse, in his turn also supported this idea of people’s drive to the power as a strong reason for social problems and aggressions between people and nations.Marcuse, voting for rationality in society’s development strongly objected Brown’s belief in schizophrenia as a normal state of a person. He considered the idea that schizophrenia should be in any sense a model for normal human behavior to be ludicrous. Contrasting Brownà ¢â‚¬â„¢s ideas of social escapism Marcuse believed that people could achieve social progress and harmony through reality and clear definition of existing problems. Escape from the reality, observing Marcuse, is not a solution at all; instead, it will lead to furthermore social and political problems.Critically speaking, Brown’s ideas don’t look so Utopian. Voting for living without repressions Brown shows society a possible solution to achieve harmonic development. This solution lies in self-denial and abnegation of people necessary to make them more tolerable and loyal to the others. Marcuse instead believed that self-denial is not a solution at all.The only working remedy that could cure ill society and make it indeed multi-dimensional (where all people will finally achieve their individuality and will not identify themselves with the state) is revolution. The only force that could make this revolution is lumpen proletarians. Illustrating these philosophic ideas in a more free manner one could say that Brown anticipated Hippy’s movement with their motto â€Å"All you need is love† while Marcuse on the contrary was a partisan of â€Å"International† and â€Å"Marseillaise†.Marcuse criticized Brown’s ideas of self-expression saying that there’s no sense to to try to turn the assembly line into a scene of self-expression, or to broadcast propaganda for culture and free thought. To achieve final self-expression of people it’s necessary, observing Marcuse, to change technological rationality itself, make it more â€Å"people-centered† and friendly.Critically observing Freudian ideas of â€Å"Id†, â€Å"Ego† and â€Å"Superego† Marcuse came to the conclusion that the only way to conciliate people and nations is to conciliate people’s rationality and irrationality. When rationality contrasts Eros, Marcuse believed, people establish the culture that is adverse to human nature and represses people permanently. A perfect illustrations of the struggle between rationality and repressed Eros, according to Marcuse are World Wars that were the results of people’s aggression.Being a partisan of technological progress Marcuse at the same time appealed to the aesthetic experience as a new locus of technological values. With this, he believed, people could finally become close with the nature and achieve peace, freedom, and fulfillment into the construction of technological rationality.CONCLUSIONSIn the middle of XX century philosophy focused on reinterpretation of Freudian psychoanalytical ideas. Herbert Marcuse and Norman Brown each developed personal vision of the issue. Reconsidering Freud’s ideas of unconsciousness and focusing in the problem of repression they, nevertheless, pointed out different solutions necessary to make society more harmonic and free. While Marcuse concentrated on technological breakthrough in accordance with peopleâ €™s deep demands, Brown believed in complete abolishment of technology and called for anarchy in people’s relationships.REFERENCES Brown, Norman O. (1985) Life Against Death. Middleton. CN: Weslayan University Press. Second Edition. 1985.Chytry, Josef (1989). The Aesthetic State: A Quest in Modern German Thought Berkeley: University of California Press.Marcuse, Herbert. (1966). Eros and Civilization: A Philosophical Inquiry into Freud. Beacon Press.Myers, Ellen (2004). Forerunner of New Age Madness: A Critique of Norman O. Brown On-line article retrieved July, 23 from http://www.creationism.org/csshs/v13n1p07.htmZaretsky, Eli. (2003) â€Å"Norman O. Brown, 1913-2003† Radical Philosophy, Issue 118.

Maximising profits and meeting objectives Essay

J D Wetherspoon owns pubs right across the UK. It is now the UK’s fastest growing company. They serve good quality food at knockdown prices. They also clear your plates away quickly afterwards and ask if the food was to your satisfaction. Wetherspoon’s employs approximately 11,200 staff who work either part or full-time. The company believe that there is a direct link between the high performance of their staff and their approach to staff recruitment, training, development, and motivation. Each pub operates with skilled management, who are fully supported by bar and kitchen staff. Their mission statement is ‘to have by far the best CBSM (cleanliness, beer, service, maintenance) standards in the pub world; to be the best company to work for; and, by doing these things to be the most profitable.’ McDonald’s McDonald’s have over 1000 restaurants across the United Kingdom. Three quarters of these are run by managers on behalf of the company and the other quarter being run as franchises. McDonald’s is the world’s largest franchising company, with seven out ten outlets being a franchise, and being owned and run by independent entrepreneurs. McDonald’s sell burgers and chicken with a variety of different desserts and hot and cold drinks, served by friendly and helpful team members. One of McDonald’s stated aims is ‘to provide a friendly service in a relaxed, safe, and consistent restaurant environment.’ J D Wetherspoon J D Wetherspoon uses Maslow’s hierarchy of needs as the bases of their motivation techniques. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs gives the managers clear and useful insights into how best they should motivate their staff. J D Wetherspoon aims to provide each individual employee with the skills and knowledge, which will help them to gradually climb the ladder of hierarchy permanently. Maslow’s pyramid can help Wetherspoon’s with this. They believe in creating a work force, which is committed and motivated. This workforce should be made up of people who can achieve personal fulfilment via the freedom that they get through their work. Realising that they will not be able to keep all their employees for all of their working life, J D Wetherspoon wants them to grow a sense of loyalty to the company They promote their staff through the different levels of employment status in the business, from bar/kitchen associates, to pub managers, to general managers to help motivate them. They pay each of the employees more than their competitors are paying their staff, so that the all associates (employees) feel motivated and will stay with the company for as long as possible. They believe that once their employees know that they are being paid more than the minimum wage for their work, they will become more motivated. The company bases its pay on reviews of performance of each of the staff; the better the performance the better the pay. The company also provides a bonus scheme for its workers. Each member of staff receives a bonus depending upon the performance of the pub in which they work. To get each member of staff to work to their full potential, the business runs many incentive schemes. One example of this is a monthly draw for examples of excellent customer care. The winner will receive an all expenses paid holiday for two in New York. Along with this, the business offers a share option scheme to each of its employees, enabling them to buy shares in the company at an assured price. The company do this in the belief that it will make the staff have a sense of belonging in company and will want to see the company succeed. McDonald’s McDonald’s method of motivation involves using rewards, goals, and promotion prospects for their members of staff. Although the company motivates their staff via reward methods, goals and promotion prospects, they use F.W. Taylor’s Scientific Management motivation theory. McDonald’s splits their staff into teams, so that there is a team of people in each of the areas of the restaurant. There are also team members who walk round the restaurant and clear tables of empty food boxes and drinks cartons. Julie Room, a General Manager from a McDonald’s restaurant says that McDonald’s are continually hiring new members of staff, as their staff members ‘are always leaving.’ McDonald’s have high promotion prospects for their staff, with all the managers who work for the company once being crewmembers, and 80% of the top managers were once crewmembers. The president of McDonald’s Ltd, also worked as a crewmember in a restaurant. This gives the current members of staff aspirations for the future. To help each member of staff, the company trains them in the restaurant that they will work in. Each staff member is trained in all 16 areas of the business including grill, buns, dressings, filets, and pies, drive-thru, front counter, and back room. This is all on the job training. This means that the staff can experience job rotation within their work. This leads to job motivation for the staff. Therefore, the team members are more likely to stay with the company for longer. This is very similar to the motivation theory of Douglas McGregor. J D Wetherspoon J D Wetherspoon’s management is of a democratic style. The management encourages the staff to take part in decision-making through the multi-channel communication system, which the company has in place. Wetherspoon’s believe that many of the projects that they adopt stem from the ideas put forward by their ‘associates’. This is because they are on the ‘front-line’ of the company. They can see where things need to be improved and changed. These things tend to obvious to the people who are in contact with customers on a day-to-day basis but are not quite so obvious to the managers, higher up in the business who are very rarely seen by the customers. The changes and improvements that the associates would like to see are communicated to their line manager, who refers them to the pub/restaurant manager. Within a few weeks, the ‘good ideas’ are put into practice to make to the pub/restaurant appear better to the public and possibly to attract more customers. Every fortnight, they hold a ‘big meeting’ where over 100 employees attend. This includes people like the company chairperson, company directors, and pub managers and some associates from many pubs/restaurants. Here, all the employees can voice their opinions on the company’s over all performance and the ways in which they think it can be improved. Everyone who attends, gets to vote whether a certain route for a promotion of an offer the company is participating in, gets the go ahead or not. Many of the people who work for Wetherspoon’s carry a high level of commitment and many are proud to work for Wetherspoon’s. The company strongly believes that one of the key factors, which differentiates the company from its rivals, is the high quality of customer service/care that is achieved, from employing a number of committed employees. McDonald’s McDonald’s management style is more autocratic. This is because the members of staff are told which part of the restaurant they will be working in and they are told what they have to do. However, some of the approaches that McDonald’s use can be seen in McGregor’s Theory Y. This is people centred and the managers are more democratic. The managers give the teams responsibility for each of the sections, awarding them appropriately, as they meet and exceed targets. They also believe that their staff want to work and are not lazy. However, the members of staff at McDonald’s can also come under McGregor’s Theory X. This is because the teams have to be controlled and monitored. They have to be told what to do and are often watched to make sure that they are performing correctly. They are often seen to ‘slack’ and to be lazy. Thus, they need some motivation to inspire them to work. It is only the managers that get a say in what the company does. The employees, which are seen everyday, unlike the managers, do not get any input into company and the decisions it makes what so ever. Therefore, the team members feel undervalued. This can then result in the management team lacking in motivation to motivate their staff. J D Wetherspoon Wetherspoon’s business culture is one orientated around their associates at the lower levels. This is because these people see the areas that can improved. The managers rely on these people to report any problems and successes. Wetherspoon’s encourages their staff to challenge existing ideas and practices to continually improve the company. The changes that are raised are adjusted little by little rather than in one big change. Many of these changes are suggested by the employees, who base them upon their experience whilst at work. However, these sorts of things can only occur in an open culture. Nothing is disclosed within Wetherspoon’s approach and is based upon the understanding and the belief in some of the key ideas of human motivation. Their approach to the way things are done resembles Charles Handy’s Role Culture. This is because of the structure that the company takes; this is much like a pyramid with the chairperson at the top and the associates at the bottom, very rarely speaking to one another (see below). McDonald’s McDonald’s business culture is orientated around the tasks that the staff have to carry out. This is because without these people the company could not function efficiently. These people also see the day-to-day running of the business, the taking of the money, serving of the food etc. The approach that the company takes resembles Charles Handy’s Task Culture. This is because of the company structure. The Task Culture is represented by a matrix, which looks like a grid (see right). The company splits its employees into project teams. Within these teams, they have to solve problems, which may arise. In addition, everyone can cross boundaries within the business. This means that they can work in other departments as well as the one they are employed in e.g. some one working on the front counter, could work in the kitchens. This culture also uses individual talents in each area i.e. people on the front counter need to use people skills, need to have good communication skills and confidence, whereas on the other hand, the people who cook the burgers need to be good at time keeping, cooking the burgers, and keeping up with the demands. J D Wetherspoon The company is committed to providing the highest standards of training and development to all employees. They aim to encourage, motivate, and support all the employees to achieve the company’s mission statement and to fulfil the personal ambitions. There are different programmes, which the company use to train and develop. Generally, when people start working for the business they start as bar/kitchen associates. They start with the training for this job, as they progress in the business, they receive development training. This is for team leaders, shift managers, kitchen managers and pub managers. Each of the positions have their own set of training programmes. For example, for someone to train as a shift manager, they have to go through twelve types of training; induction, food hygiene, health and safety, kitchen training, customer management, personnel policies and procedures, people skills, interview skills, and stock management. They also have to do a National Licensee’s Certificate. Whereas to train as a bar/kitchen associate, they have to do food hygiene, health and safety, and kitchen training. J D Wetherspoon’s develop their staff. They do this because the staff that already work for the company know the way the business works. Also, training staff that already work for Wetherspoon’s, to higher positions in the company can mean that the costs of recruiting and training new staff will be reduced. It also helps to ensure staff loyalty and can reduce many future uncertainties in the company. This can then, in addition ensure that the company will not run out of skilled people; i.e. a bar/kitchen associate who has been promoted to a shift manager can always help out in the kitchen because they would have had the correct training to be able to work in the kitchens. Therefore, they have the skills and the company has not lost them. Training existing staff can help gain a competitive advantage. This means the company can gain more customers and more customer loyalty. In theory, and in many cases, in reality, this can help to motivate the managers, which in turn will help them to train their staff better, and can motivate them too. The company’s training and development programme is a combination of on and off the job training courses. The company’s training centres round career development. McDonald’s McDonald’s hire their staff on a three weeks probationary period. The company have the right to end employment of at any time during these three weeks. It is only after these three weeks, and if their performance has been acceptable, that the member of staff becomes part of the team. It is said that the company takes six months to train a full-timer and 11 months to train a part-timer. This is because of the sixteen areas in which everyone has to be trained on. These include the grill, buns, dressings, filets, and pies, drive-thru, front counter, and back room. They also have a buddy system. This is where a new employee to the company is paired with someone else who has been with the company for a while and have experience. This person will be one of the training squad and will look after the new team member for their probationary period. Eventually the trainer will decide whether or not the new team member is capable of carrying out the work in the area. When this has been decided the staff member would have received a gold star (this system existed in 1999, it no longer exists). The company thought that the teams found this system of rewarding good work, motivational. McDonald’s, like J D Wetherspoon’s like to develop their staff. In the article by Susan Curtis, it says that â€Å"there is a set hierarchy of jobs for crew members to work their way up: (1) Crew member (2) Five – star crew member (3) Training squad member (4) Hourly-paid floor manager (5) Salaried floor manager (second assistant manager) (6) First assistant manager (7) Store manager (8) General manager (only in larger stores).’ They develop their staff for the same reasons that J D Wetherspoon’s do. They do it to save money and to give staff more opportunities within the business. J D Wetherspoon J D Wetherspoon’s encourage their staff to work in teams. This is because team working means that there is a more efficient and effective production team. It is also believed that working as a team, can satisfy the social needs of people. Many managers delegate power among the people who work underneath them. This is in the belief that delegation meets the employees’ ego and self-actualisation needs from the motivation theory of Maslow. In addition, working as part of a team means that people can job rotate, to give them a bit of variety. This means that they can be more motivated towards their job, knowing that there is a possibility of job rotation within their teams, even if it is cooking a different part of a meal. Wetherspoon’s encourages this because they want their staff to achieve as much as possible in their work. They also want their members of staff to have a sense of belongingness to the company. Wetherspoon’s recognise that the feeling of belongingness is an employee need and therefore they set out to meet it. McDonald’s McDonald’s also encourage their staff to work in teams. This is because they, like J D Wetherspoon’s, have a more efficient and effective work force this way. McDonald’s staff are encouraged to work as teams so that all the work is covered and completed, whether it is morning at breakfast, mid-day at lunchtime or in the evening at ‘tea’ time. This also helps to satisfy the staff at McDonald’s and helps to maximise the involvement of the staff. The teams are usually functional. Also within the teams, the staff can swap jobs with someone else and change department that they work in. Team working means that the staff can become multi-skilled. This makes it easier to do someone else’s job. They can also meet shared objectives, i.e. serve each customer within a minute. J D Wetherspoon J D Wetherspoon’s is a pub/restaurant. They sell both drinks and food. This means that they need enough stock to supply their customers. The company have to ensure that each of their pubs has enough beer barrels in their cellar and enough wines and spirits to last them at least a week. The company will have at least a delivery of beer every few days or so as the beer will go off very quickly once the barrel has been opened. The company always has just enough stock to cater for all their customers, whether they be eating or drinking. They bring many different types of beers to their customers throughout the year via beer festivals. Wetherspoon’s work along side Cask Marque (a quality standard for real beer) and CAMRA (Campaign for Real Ale). This means that the company brings in new beers and rotates them throughout the year to offer their customers some variety. They also offer many spirits and wines as well. All these alcoholic beverages are kept in stock with strict quality standards, upheld inside the pub. This is to make sure that the customers can enjoy their drinks. This applies to the beers especially. The company offer fifty plus different meals per day, they therefore need to make sure that they have enough ingredients for these meals. They need to make sure that the stock they have does not go out of date to quickly either. They have many meals on their menu, which contain meat (beef, pork, chicken, and lamb) and fish. To keep this from going off they need to put the meats and fish in a chiller. They have to order enough of each ingredient for each of the meals on their menu, as if they are to sell many of the same meal. They do this for both the beverages and food so that they never run out of stock. If they were to run out of stock then there is a possibility of losing customers and future customers. The method of stock control that they use, in my opinion is ‘Just in Case’. This is because they can never be sure how much of each meal option they need to make and they never know how much of a particular beer or spirit they are going to sell, so they need enough stock just in case some one buys a meal or a drink. McDonald’s McDonald’s, on the other hand, operates in a different way. They stock up on all their burgers, salads, deserts, and fries although they use J.I.T. The restaurants are always very busy during the day. Therefore the company gets through many burgers, and fries each day. They have to rely upon their suppliers to deliver in time for ‘rush hours’ i.e. lunch time as they know they will need more stock. They estimate their level of sales for each item on the menu using previous figures, doing this they can predict how much they need to order. To use J.I.T. McDonald’s need to know exactly what they need. They need pretty good knowledge of their customers requirements. They also need to have excellent relationships with their suppliers, and need to have accurate understandings of production requirements. J D Wetherspoon J D Wetherspoon have to assure quality in both food and the drink. They ensure this by buying the highest quality ingredients for their meals from their suppliers. To guarantee this, they make sure that they build strong relationships with the suppliers. They also have a ‘food guru’, who works closely with the food team. Once a month he reviews the company’s menu and the ingredients which they use, and he gives his personal ‘seal of approval’ if he believes they are at the highest standard that people would expect from J D Wetherspoon’s. To ensure that the beer they sell is to the highest standards, they employ beer tasters. These people test the beers on four areas; appearance, aroma, taste and aftertaste. These are usually marked out of 10, so each beer can get a maximum of 40 marks. All of the beers which the company supply must meet their tasting standards, before any orders can be placed. Whilst in stock, there are strict quality standards in place which are maintained within the free house, to ensure that customers enjoy the beer at its best. This process also applies to the wines and spirits. As with the beers, the wines and spirits have to meet the company’s high standards. The wines and spirits are also tested for appearance, aroma, taste and aftertaste and again if they don’t meet Wetherspoon’s standards then they are not sold in any of the pubs/restaurants. They also train their staff to a high standard of work to ensure the quality of customer service. They do this by training their staff in customer management and in people skills. McDonald’s Serving more than 2.5 million customers each day makes quality a consistent goal. They work with leading suppliers across the UK – from potato farmers in Lincolnshire and Norfolk to dairies in the South and Midlands – to bring customers the tasty products that customers expect from McDonald’s. McDonald’s attempt to certify quality from crop to counter. Therefore they require the highest standards and specifications, not just for product ingredients; every detail of production, transport, delivery, preparation and service is carefully monitored. A focus on quality pervades every aspect of the business. Their standards top the food industry, and they continue to work with government and health officials to investigate improvements to their foods. Both companies have their different approaches to maximising profits and to meet its objectives. The way in which each company goes about it is effective to them. Both companies are, although in the same area of trade, are completely different. They operate in different ways, have different kinds of people working for them and generally have different clientele. The people who work for McDonald’s are generally those who can work in the conditions that are found in a McDonald’s restaurant. They tend to be able to deal with pressure a little easier then those working at Wetherspoon’s and vice versa. These people have a different kind of objective to aim towards, that is appropriate to the different companies. Again the approach each company uses helps to achieve these very well and can sometimes help them to exceed them. The companies approaches, however, both lead to them maximising their profits. This is because of the efficiency and effectiveness of the staff in both companies.

What Does It Cost to Attend Northwest Indian College?

Located just south of the Canadian border on the Lummi Indian Reservation, Northwest Indian College is the only accredited tribal school serving the states of Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. And unlike many of the colleges in the Evergreen State, this institution comes with a list price that many families would consider affordable. Read on to learn more about college pricing and why it can vary so dramatically between schools and students, as well as what it really costs to attend Northwest Indian College. Like many schools across the U.S., Northwest Indian College has a sticker price that differs significantly from the actual cost most students spend to attend. You can find out the actual price of admission, or the financial aid net price, by adding up the cost of all forms of financial aid, including federal, state, and local grants, institutional aid, and scholarships. Then subtract this figure from the list price. Because Northwest Indian College is a public school, the list price of admission is generally lower than at private schools. However, it’s worth noting that public schools lack the large endowments of private institutions. So they might not be able to give out as much money in the form of financial aid. Do your research to find out what option is truly best for your family. Because Northwest Indian College is a public institution, tuition prices are somewhat lower than average. Expect to spend $13,959 whether you’re applying from in state or out of state. Students in the top 30% of acceptees and those from families earning less than $175,000 a year were less likely to pay the full sticker rate. Financial aid can significantly lower the cost of attending Northwest Indian College. For the 2016-2017 year, both in-state and out-of-state applicants paid around $5,367 annually in tuition and fees. The list price of attending Northwest Indian College is largely dependent on family income level. Check out average net prices per family income bracket below: *The numbers above don’t account for federal Pell Grants some families receive. Estimating your chance of getting into a college is not easy in today’s competitive environment. Thankfully, with our state-of-the-art software and data, we can analyze your academic and extracurricular profile and estimate your chances. Our profile analysis tool can also help you identify the improvement you need to make to enter your dream school. The lower cost of attendance at Northwest Indian College might be part of the reason that few students take out loans to finance their education. Currently, just 12% of undergraduates borrow money for tuition and fees. Assessing student outcomes at Northwest Indian College is a good way to evaluate ROI on your tuition dollars. Currently, the school boasts a six-year graduation rate of 86%, suggesting that a majority of students finish on time. However, prospective salaries seem to be on the low side. Ten years after graduating, the average student was earning just $27,900 annually. Attending Northwest Indian College offers numerous advantages, including the fact that the region is known for its affordability. With a cost of living index of 129.6 , Bellingham, Wash., is only slightly more expensive than the average city in the United States. One of the biggest expenses is housing, which will run you $843 for a one-bedroom, $1100 for a two-bedroom, and $1593 for a three-bed. Working part time can help students afford their degrees. If you’re looking for a position in Bellingham, expect to earn $12 an hour, which is the state minimum wage. The average income in this part of Washington is $42,440 a year. Work-study is a great option for Northwest Indian College students who prefer not to pursue off-campus work. Not only are these jobs convenient in that you don’t have to leave school, but they also tend to include down-time for reading and catching up on homework. Additionally, students can earn extra cash by applying for independent scholarships. If you scored well on the PSATs, consider the National Merit Scholarship program , which provides recognition and grant money to the top 1 percent of test takers. This program helps support the educational goals of 15,000 students a year. Find out what other Northwest Indian College scholarship opportunities are available on the school website. Sky-high college tuition rates can cause both students and parents to hesitate on their college admissions journeys. Fortunately, the Applications Team is there to support families throughout the process. From narrowing down college lists to negotiating financial aid offers, our expert team members are always in your corner. For more information on our services, call today or contact our experts online.

Account for the fact that Britain was the richest country in Europe Essay

Account for the fact that Britain was the richest country in Europe between 1870-1914 - Essay Example Military might was a blessing in disguise for the country since it could later heavily rely on its pervasiveness and efficiency to trample on its predicaments and rise to the mighty British Empire. The author records that the British militarism at one point facilitated extraction of taxes such that it surpassed that rate applied by France especially during the Napoleonic Wars, at the height of the French dominion. This marked the protracted rise of Britain, to a greater height than the mightiest European power could afford. Within the short historical period of reorganization, Britain had amassed the power that a political giant needs to position itself in the world economy arena. In order for an economic giant to handle abundance, it has to undergo the relevant infrastructure modification one of which is political might according to Mann (1987). The British navy was soon the envy of any political establishment, and its might sooner enabled the tramping over the world in a successful manner than the other European compatriots and in a more timely opportunity. Militarism could enable the British leadership to set any financial agenda without fear of subjects’ protestation, for instance high taxation incidence that could go as high as 35 per cent. Tight financial controls of the territory coupled to the efficient and pervasive militarism were the necessary ingredients to pursue a takeover of France’s territories before anyone could notice. It could only take a well established country to absorb and integrate the mixed fortunes of eighteenth to nineteenth centuries’ shifts in economic cultures. Efficient stabilization during the changes occasioned by agrarian and industrial revolutions to maximum benefits needed a stable economy like Britain had evolved to be. Adopting the transitions while cautiously sticking to helpful practices of the former regime happened particularly well in Britain. By the mid nineteenth century, British economic

Business Financial Crime Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Business Financial Crime - Coursework Example The paper analyzes the frauds associated in the earning management and cites some cases of frauds in the earning management. A section of the paper also deals with the regulatory framework of earning management in countries like USA and UK. The concept of earning management can be defined under three board heads of white, black and Gray. White signifies the beneficial earnings which are used to enhance the transparency of the financial reports whereas black signifies the misrepresentation of the report and involves fraudulent activities. The gray denotes the manipulation of financial reports which occurs within the boundaries of the compliance, which are done to enhance the efficiency or to provide opportunistic results. Under the gray concept, earning management involves the selection of accounting principles which helps to maximize the overall utility of the management of the organization. Earning management is initiated by the mangers when they use their judgment in the reporting of the financial statement and alters certain information within the reports for misleading the stake holders or to influence the outcome of certain contracts which depends on the stability of the organization in terms of accounting figures . However all earning management does not involves the misrepresentation of the facts and figures. Certain organizations do not resolve to distortion of figures of the accounting report and allows the investors to distinguish between the various components and they only undertake operations which enhance the value of the information associated with the earnings of the organization. Earning management often proves to be beneficial in determining the long term value of the organization and at the same it can be pernicious while concealing the short term value. The concept of earning management is declared as fraud and it violates the rule specified by GAAP, when the organization records sales in the accounting reports

Distinction Between Leadership in Educational Organisation and Essay

Distinction Between Leadership in Educational Organisation and Business Organisation - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that leadership has been an aspect of human civilization from time immemorial and has been exercised in ruling tribes to nations and in winning wars and facing adversities of natural disasters. Leadership is defined as â€Å"the ability to influence individuals and groups to work toward attaining organizational objectives†. While leadership, in general, remains essentially an influencing process, the styles of leadership vary greatly and to suit the different situations and follower profiles. While different schools of thoughts extend different views on leadership, they are grouped under four wide categories of trait, behavioral, situational and transformational theories. Trait theories believe that leaders have specific qualities and characteristics in them that make them a leader. Subsequently, leadership studies turned to leaders’ actions and behaviors. Leadership studies evolved further to accommodate the idea of situation al aspects that required different leadership styles. Alternative approaches have emerged in the form of Transformational vs. transactional approach. In order to compare and contrast the different styles of leadership adopted by two leaders in two different organizations, a leader in an educational organization – Principal of Washington Elementary School and CEO of Slim Line Limited – an apparel manufacturing International Joint Venture of MAST Industries USA have been interviewed.

Mismatch Repair Genes and Cancer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Mismatch Repair Genes and Cancer - Essay Example The study attempted to screen for two major types of mutations. One type of mutation that was tested for was the loss of heterozygosity, which is a type of mutation that generates a change in the type of genetic transmission of cells. The other type of mutation that was screened in the study was microsatellite instability. This mutation is usually observed in long sequences that were composed of repeating segments. These two types of mutations were considered to be important in determining whether a certain gene does influence the development of cancer. The study was conducted in a Portugese hospital, wherein approximately 287 patient subjects participants. These patients were already diagnosed to have breast cancer. In addition, there were 547 individuals who also participated in the study as controls, or individuals who were pre-determined to be normal and healthy. The study wanted to estimate the chances of developing breast cancer based on the presence and number of mutations in the MMR genes that were studied. The MMR genes tested in the investigation included the mismatch repair genes of the MSH family, as well as that of the MLH family. The PMS1 and MUTYH were also other genes that belonged to the MMR class of repair genes.

The marketing communications (or promotional) mix Essay

The marketing communications (or promotional) mix - Essay Example A combination of email and website work can give high impact, high relevance, and high reach, must form a key part of any communication strategy (Boylaud, 2000). The most influential marketing communication elements are the advertising tools which include television, Internet, print and radio along with the traditional marketing efforts to support the contemporary means of advertising will allow the company to get the best of online and offline advertising. As such, direct marketing has never been as precise, powerful and popular as it is today (Palmer,2004). With its new applications to database marketing, global commerce and the internet, it is no longer an option for company officers and marketing executives; it is a necessity. Direct marketing has grown beyond its roots in traditional mail order to embrace a host of new technologies, customer relationship building techniques and performance measures set the bar for the future of marketing communications.

Biography of Huey Long Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Biography of Huey Long - Essay Example This paper will discuss the biography of Huey Pierce Long and his career as a senator of Louisiana. Huey was born on 30th august 1893 at Winn parish in Winnfield, a small town at the north of the state (Collins and Smith 1). His father was Senior Huey Pierce Long (1852-1937), and a descendant of Tison William and Sarah Tison. Huey attended local schools at his young age, where he became a brilliant student. He was later expelled from school in 1908 after protesting against the 12th grade requirement for graduation. He had won a scholarship to Louisiana University, but did not afford textbooks to attend. He spent four years as a salesperson selling canned goods, books, patent medicine and as an auctioneer (Collins and Smith 2). In 1913, he got married to Rose McConnell, who was a stenographer. They got two sons Russel and Palmer and a daughter named Rose. During World War 1, the sales job became scarce and Long decided to attend Oklahoma Baptist University for seminary classes. He later joined the law school at Tulane University in New Orleans. Having studied law for one year at Tulane University, he took the state bar exam where he passed well and began private practice of law at Winnfield. He worked for 10 years representing plaintiffs against enormous businesses. He never took cases involving poor people. He became famous when he took on standard oil company for unacceptable business practices. He continued to challenge the company’s influence over the state politics and exploitation of the oil and gas deposits in the state (Boulard 49). At the age of 25, Long was appointed in Louisiana railroad commission in 1918 based on anti-standard oil company platform in 1918. He utilized the position at this commission to perfect his political career. He was a strong opponent of enormous utility and oil companies and fought against pipeline

Scientific article review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Scientific article review - Essay Example The immune system is one of the bodies most important functions, as well as one of the bodies still most mysterious. However, great scientific advancements are being made, as can be read about in several different articles.One article deals with the immune system and its part in MS. It discusses several new important breakthrough in figuring out why the immune system attacks the brain and spinal chord, and how this can be contained.One important new breakthrough is the discovery of "T-regs", a cell that regulates T-Cells (Inner Conflict). These cells stop T-Cells from jumping to attack, and can be helpful in stopping T-Cells from attacking body self cells. The Tregs of people with MS don't function as well as those of people who do not have the disease. Currently, research is being done as to why this is, and what can be done about it( Inner Conflict).Another filed of research is in using hormones to help slow down the advancement of the disease. Using estriol, a form of estrogen on women, and Androgel, a testosterone gel on me, seems to help slow down the brain tissue loss from the disease, as well as improving in bodily functions(Inner Conflict).Another huge development in the immune system field was the discovery of a Orai 1, a protein that controls the immune system's calcium channel(An Immune). This protein has been looked for for decades, and finally finding it has sparked great interest. If drugs were developed that could block this protein for example, a drug could combat the effects of many different types of autoimmune diseases

Video games Essay Example for Free

Video games Essay This is very useful as it tells the staff in GAME quickly and efficiently about the availability of software in the shop. It allows them to inform questioning customers. GENERAL SECURITY Â  CCTV (Closed Circuit Television) this device is used to monitor everything that is happening. They are based everywhere in the company, in every department. This device can pick out things like thieves who are stealing merchandise to finding out what caused a certain accidental incident in another part of the company. Â  Login Systems a login system is a security lock that allows only authorised people to access computers. A username would be asked for followed by a password confirmation. This is a simple method to keep out people from accessing files on computers that are important. These are on all the computers in the company. Â  Keypad- this device is used in GAME to restrict areas that are only allowed for people that are authorised personnel. The person would have to key in a password to gain access to the restricted area. All the departments have areas that are restricted. Â  Norton Anti-Virus this program scans the computers for viruses and removes them. This is very useful if you are connected to the internet a lot where a lot of viruses try to attack you. Â  Norton Internet Security this program gives you extra protection from internet abusers. This allows you to enforce parental control, intrusion detection, privacy control, ad blocking, AntiSpam and a personal firewall to keep out intruders. DEPARTMENT SPECIFICS This section is on the specific hardware, software and security used in each department. SALES DEPARTMENT This is the Hardware and Software used specifically in the Sales Department. Hardware Input. These are the input devices used only in the sales department. Barcode Reader The barcode reader in the EPOS system scans the barcode on the items and keeps track of what items are being taken out and being returned. This also lets the company know whether they are running out of any specific items. They can also in the future use the information they obtained from the EPOS system and evaluate whether they should stock up on more items or less. Â  Magnetic Strip Reader This device is like a barcode reader but it has some advantages. It can hold more information and it also has more security. In a barcode you could find out the code on the barcode because of the numerals under it, but in a magnetic stripe you have to pass it through its reader to obtain its code. In the GAME industry they accept credit cards that have a magnetic strip. They also let people register for a GAME card, which also has a magnetic strip. Hardware Output These are the output devices used only in the Sales department. Â  Receipt Printers These printers print out the item that was purchased and include other details such as the date it was purchased, etc. These receipts are extremely useful, as they will allow the customers to return goods that do not satisfy them or is faulty. A unique system of GAME allows the customer to return goods that do not agree with them as long as they still have their receipt. Software Application These are the application software only used in the Sales department. Â  MS Publisher this program allows the Sales department to create sophisticated marketing products. Products like posters, leaflets and other paper-based marketing goods. Â  MS Excel this program allows the sales department to produce a database on their customers. The reward card scheme allows GAME to keep a record of their customers and their history with GAME. GAME can use their database to find out what each customer has bought and returned. They can find out what each customer likes and dislikes. They can use this information to improve on what they need to do to make GAME a better service to the customers. Security These are ways security is handled only in the sales department. Â  Security Guards security guards are used in the sales department to guard retail shops from vandals, thieves and troublemakers. They are trained professionals that can handle all different situations. Â  Sensor Barrier this device is used in the sales department in the retail outlets. People have to go through it whenever they want to enter or leave the shop. If it rings then that means the culprit that caused it has an item that has not been bought but in fact is being stolen. It is very useful in cutting down shop robbery. Â  Finance Supervisor these are people who have been hired to watch over the people who are involved in the transactions of the money belonging to GAME. So if a worker is seen to be trying to steal some of the companys money, then the supervisor would report the culprit for arrest. PURCHASING DEPARTMENT This is the Hardware and Software used in the Purchasing Department. Hardware Input These are the input devices used only in the Purchasing department. Â  Barcode Reader The barcode reader in the purchasing department is used to key in all the items that are being bought in and out of the retailer. It helps it to determine how much of each product is in stock. Hardware Output. These are the output devices used only in the Purchasing department. Ordering Software this software is used to buy products from different manufacturers. Whenever the company is low on a product the ordering software would purchase more of that same product to restock. Security The purchasing department uses only the security stated in the general security section. FINANCE DEPARTMENT This is the Hardware and Software used in the Finance Department. Software Application These are the application software only used in the Sales department. Â  BACS (Bankers Automated Clearing Syst.

The Social Norms Essay Example for Free

The Social Norms Essay I chose to break the social norm in an elevator as my experiment. I chose this so that I could actually combine two social norms into one. I chose to stand backwards in the elevator and when there were numerous people in the elevator, but I thought it would be more interesting if I stood very close to the person instead of facing backwards when there was just one person in the elevator. The independent variables in my experiment were gender of the person that I stood close to, the amount of time we had together in the elevator, and of coarse the number of people in the elevator and how many stops were made. I began to measure the way people reacted to when I invaded their space in an elevator, which was nearly empty. I also measured what would happen when a person would be just getting on and my back would be towards them. My hypothesis was that the people that I stood close to would actually move because they had space to, and could actually ask me what I was doing. My other hypothesis is that no one would react to my facing the opposite direction but they would stare and stare hard. When the elevator doors opened and I noticed that only one person was on the elevator walked right in with an abrupt step. Usually the person was on either the right side or the left and never really in the middle. I then proceeded to hit a floor number just higher than theirs and stand directly next to them, but the whole while keeping silent. To no surprise the people became uncomfortable and tried to in an unobvious way move away. They tended to look at me very annoyed and some would actually blatantly reject me. Most of the people that were rude were women about the same age as I was. I think that they may have thought that I was mocking them in some way. Now when I faced backwards in the elevator people seemed not to make very many gestures or movement. They although did stare and wonder what I was doing like my hypothesis stated but they never really did much. It wasnt until people began to get on while I was already in the backwards position did it occur. The ones getting on the elevator steered clear of my area even when the other side was crowded, they tended to single me out from the rest and make sure that I was not next to them. Later in the experiment a man said to me, are you doing that for some kind of experiment, and of coarse I said yes and decided that it was time for me to end my experimentation. I was actually able to accept my hypothesis, although it was somewhat of an easy hypothesis to generate. I think it may have been a little different if the environment I was in was not on campus. The actual size of the elevator limited my results and the fact that I was doing the experimentation in the PLC limited what kind of people I had to be with. If I were to do the experiment again I would go to a hotel where there are all sorts of different people.

Case Study The Millennium Development Goals Education Essay

Case Study The Millennium Development Goals Education Essay The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are eight international development goals that were established after the 2000 Millennium Summit in which United Nations Member States and International Organisations consented to achieve by the year 2015 (United Nations Millennium Development Goals, 2010). The MDGs set time bound targets in improving social and economic conditions in the worlds poorest countries, which progress towards reducing income poverty, hunger, disease, lack of adequate shelter and exclusion, while promoting gender equality, health, education and environmental sustainability. They also embody basic human rights so that each person on the planet has the right to health, education, shelter and security (Ki-Moon, 2010). Three major areas of Humanity are focused in the MDGs: Firstly, reinforcing human capital by improving infrastructure, and increasing social, economic and political rights, specifically focusing on increasing the basic standards of living (United Nations, 2006); Secondly, altering infrastructure by gaining safe drinking water, energy and modern information communications technology, intensifying farm productions through sustainable practices, bettering transportation infrastructure, and uphold the environment; and finally the social, economic and political rights, with regard to empowering women, reducing violence, increasing political voice, ensuring equal access to public services, and increasing security of property rights. The goals are intended to increase an individuals human capabilities and advance the means to a productive life (United Nations, 2006). As individuals acting together we have the power to take action and influence the process of reaching the MDGs by 2015 (End Poverty Millennium Campaign, 2010). Education is important in achieving these goals. A basic education of a good quality is necessary for developing an understanding of the world and the possibilities it provides, and for being able to function effectively within it. Without the knowledge and various skills developed through schooling and basic education programs, the opportunities for individuals and the ability to act independently are greatly reduced (UNESCO, 2010). Intensifying the movement towards education MDGs will lead directly to an acceleration of many of the other MDGs (2010 MDG SUMMIT, 2010). In this essay I will explain why education is important in order to achieve each of the eight millennium development goals. The first goal of the millennium development goals is to eradicate extreme poverty and hunger. Poverty forces children out of school displacing their education driving them into the low paid work force because parents cannot afford to educate them. Haines Cassels (2004) explain that one year of schooling can increase a persons earnings by 10% with each additional year of schooling lifting the average annual GDP by 0.37%. Accessible education can help feed an impeccable cycle of enhanced growth and an elevated reduction in poverty, aiding the poor and benefiting society as a whole. Education provides people with the skills and knowledge they require in order to increase income and develop employment opportunities. By educating the poor, women and vulnerable groups it opens doors to jobs and credit and has the potential for economic growth. With strict laws on compulsory education the millennium development goal to eradicate extreme poverty and hunger should be achievable in the future. The second MDG is to achieve universal primary education. Every child regardless of where they live deserve the right to an education. The Development Education online Depository (2010) state that universal primary education involves entering school at an appropriate age, progressing through the system and completing a full cycle of primary education. By eradicating primary school fees millions of children worldwide have the chance to gain literacy and numeracy skills increasing the percentage of educated people in the world, increases the opportunities for employment and a stable future for many children which in hand will help in achieving the MDG of achieving universal primary education. The third MDG focuses on promoting gender equality and empowering women. Attaran (2005) state that there are 759 million people in the world that cannot read or write, and of those people two-thirds are female. Females face many barriers to education in several countries around the world, ranging from negative attitudes to the burden of household work and distance to school. In order to redress the balance education needs to be made a priority, special efforts such as employing female teachers, supporting poor families and making the education system girl-friendly could help in promoting gender equality and in empowering women. Severine Shahani (2009) claim that there is a strong correlation between educating females and an increase in womens earnings, improved child and family health and nutrition, an increase in school enrolment, protection against HIV infection, higher maternal and child life expectancy, reduced fertility rates and delayed marriage. Equal schooling for both boys and girls is the foundation for development in achieving the MDG of promoting gender equality and empowering women. The fourth MDG aims to reduce child mortality. Providing education to girls provides a great chance of survival to her children in the future. Severine Shahani (2009) claim that a mother with secondary or higher education more than halves the risk of child mortality compared to a mother with little or no education. As mentioned above there is a strong connection between educating females and higher maternal and child life expectancy as well as improvements in child and family health and nutrition, they are also more probable to immunize their children. Educating women, with at least primary education, the MDG of reducing child mortality is more likely to be achieved. The fifth goal aims to improve maternal health. Maternal education is one of the strongest antidotes to childbearing-related risks (United Nations, 2010). By educating females it enables them to make improved health associated decisions, fewer mothers would die and the MDG of improving maternal health would have a greater chance of being achieved. The sixth MDG intends to combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases. Education is the key to combating HIV/AIDS, malaria and many other diseases. Education institutions take a central role in the prevention of HIV and other communicable diseases as they can reach out to a large number of people, encouraging positive attitudes and behaviours providing them with the knowledge and skills to reduce their chance of contracting HIV. School health programs are also ideal in providing awareness and hygiene practices to help fight malaria and other diseases. Haines Cassels (2004) state that women with an education higher than primary level are five times more likely than literate women to be aware of and know about HIV/AIDS. Education offers an important measure of protection against HIV and other diseases. The MDG for universal primary education is estimated to prevent 700, 000 new HIV infections each year (MDG Monitor, 2007). It is claimed that education reduces the vulnerability of girls, and each year of schooling offers greater protective benefits. Education is the best vaccine against HIV and Aids and other diseases it is also the most cost effective way to achieve the MDG of combating HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases. The seventh MDG is directed at ensuring environmental sustainability. Education for sustainable development (ESD) can help us to live sustainably. ESD is defined by UNESCO as the aims to help people to develop the attitudes, skills and knowledge to make informed decisions for the benefit of themselves and others, now and in the future, and to act upon these decisions. By providing education for environmental sustainability it also educates students on key issues including poverty reduction, sustainable livelihoods, global warming and climate change, gender equality, corporate social responsibility and the protection of indigenous cultures (TeachMDGs, 2010) ESD will allow individuals to make decisions that meet the needs of the present without compromising those of future generations. Education is essential for ensuring environmental sustainability. The eighth and final millennium development goal is directed at developing global partnerships for development. Developing countries financially cannot provide universal primary education for free to their people. Therefore a global partnership is needed to fill the financial gap for education so that globally the education-related development goals can be achieved. And if developing countries make education a priority they can then in turn boost their economy, which can help to achieve all of the millennium development goals. Teaching and learning in schools should aim to enhance skills, knowledge and behaviour related to the millennium development goals. Schools should plan their curriculum so that content covered increases the impact that education has on the MDGs. Such as, in order to combat child mortality and to alter female empowerment, curricula on cleanliness, sanitation, and measures to minimize contagious diseases. In the case of environmental sustainability the school should include programs such as the need to conserve water and trees. To improve the nutritional status of the students the school can introduce meal programs to ensure the students have atleast one nutritional meal each day. Schools can also promote gender equality by the different roles that school leaders take. Positive behaviours aimed at achieving the MDGs can be learned and reinforced throughout education. By introducing adult education and literacy programs for both men and women can provide opportunities for employment, improving labour productivity and introducing programs such as water and sanitation. The impact of adult education for women can result in lower child mortality rates and higher levels of maternal health. With the completion of secondary education women are more likely to seek out antenatal care and better medical treatment, are more likely to send their children to school, and have greater economic opportunities that will alleviate poverty and hunger. All in all adult education in occupational and life skills will positively impact the millennium development goals. 2010 should not be the beginning of the new and uncertain journey towards the millennium development goals, rather it should be the refueling point on this voyage that has been going on for the past ten years. The next five years complete the journey in achieving the MDGs by 2015. With the implementation of the millennium development goals in school curriculums globally the plan to reach the destination should be achievable.

Canine First Aid :: essays research papers fc

FIRST AID FOR DOGS The aims and rules of first aid First Aid treatment is based on three aims and four rules. Aims 1. To preserve life 2. To prevent suffering 3. To prevent the situation from deteriorating Rules 1. Don ¡Ã‚ ¦t panic 2. Maintain airway 3. Control haemorrhage 4. Contact a vet The limitations of first aid The goal of first aid is to help the patient as best as you can - no more than that. First aid should only be used to preserve life until a veterinarian can be found. It must be remembered that not all patients can be saved: some will die. The following is a guide for basic first aid in various situations involving dogs. Poisoning Many items found in the home and garden can be poisonous to animals and it is vital that you know what to do if you suspect the dog has been poisoned. There are three ways for dogs to get poisons into their system: „h Ingestion „h Inhalation „h Absorption It is important to bring the following to the vet if you suspect a dog has been poisoned: „h Packaging „h Note of approximate amount taken „h Time taken This will help to speed up the process of treating your dog. Ingestion (non-corrosive) If the dog has ingested a non-corrosive poison vomiting should be induced. There are various ways to induce vomiting, these include: „h Salted water „h Mustard and water „h Washing soda „h Rompun injection (by veterinarian) „h Wash out stomach (by veterinarian) Ingestion (corrosive) If a corrosive poison has been ingested it is vital that it is given a substance to either dilute or demulcent. To dilute: „h Water To demulcent: „h Milk „h Olive oil Inhalation If the dog has inhaled a poisonous substance you should do the following: „h Get into fresh air „h Keep warm When the dog gets to the vet they should have oxygen therapy. Absorption If the dog has absorbed poison (such as from chemicals on the fur) the following action should be taken: „h Wash the dog, making sure to wear protective clothing „h Stop the animal from licking itself It is important to not use any chemicals when washing substances from the dog ¡Ã‚ ¦s coat. If you are unsure if your dog has been poisoned If you are unsure if your dog has been poisoned, look out for the following symptoms: „h Breathing difficulty „h Unusual actions „h Digestive upset „h Irregular heart, rapid, or weak „h Shivering „h Convulsions „h Salivation There are many different types of poisoning; each will affect your dog differently. Many do not produce immediate symptoms. Do not make the dog vomit if it is a corrosive poison or you do not know what kind of poison the dog has consumed.

Othello and Antigone Essay -- Essays Papers

Othello and Antigone Othello, takes place in Venice during an attack of the island of Cyprus . The protagonist is Othello and The antagonist of the story is Iago, who wants Othello to give him the rank of head luitenant but the position was given to Cassio. Desdemona is Othello's wife who is having an affair with Cassio. Roderigo, is a character madley in love with Desdemona; and Emilia , who is iago's wife. The heart of this story is trajic. Although Othello is a noble warrior, he is a jealous person . with this, most of the play portreys the factor on jealousy which causes corruption. Many conflicts are found in Othello, man vs. man is one . also, when Iago seeks revenge against Othello and Cassio because of his hatred and jealousy for them. Person vs. himself is also found when Othello has a problem with whether or not he should believe that Desdemona is cheating on him. . one lesson , in which, readers can learn from the play is that "jealousy causes corruption in many ways such as dishonesty which was portrayed by Iago".At the end of the play, Desdemona dies, iago has no guilt ; even when iago was dieing , he doesn't have any remorse for anyone. However, Iago was not fully to blame for desdemona's death, Othello also caused Desdemona to die, his jealousy and his and overzealous attidude cause it. Even in the end of the play , Othello doesn't know what his drive and motivation for killing the woman of his life. Sh...

Physics of the Violin :: physics music musical instrument violin

"String instruments have been played for more than a thousand years. Performance on string instruments has reached a level today that cannot be improved upon, and the quality of instruments built nearly three centuries ago is maintained in the best instrument made today" (Allen, 1). "The violin is a wooden resonance box that amplifies the soundwaves from the vibrations of the strings stretched across it" (Mandy). The most material for the construct the violin is wood; maple used for the back, ribs, and neck) and spruce for the top. People usually uses specific types of wood because those has tight grain, which makes strong, provide the richer sound. Since people wanted to take the violin seriously to make and play, they started to learn from the unsuccessful past to improve it. To play the violin with rich sound is necessary to violinist to have technology with the certain quality of violin. The quality of instruments built nearly 300 years ago. The quality of violin and performance is improved. The natural scientists have undertaken research into string instruments and some string-instrument builders are now beginning to take advantage of scientific methods of measurement and calculation (Hutchins 1962). The Relation between the Bow-to-string Pressure and the Moment of Fingers This is show the how the momentum will occur while people play the violin. When you put down the right hand on the bow, each fingers will give a force to down. However, the thumb, which put between the band, does give force up. This will happen at the frog of the bow. x : distance from fingers to string P : pressure a : distance from fingers to the center of gravity of bow (const.) W : the weight of the bow (const.) The bow is moved a long at a particular speed by the right hand. Frictional forces between the bow and the string alternate between sticking and sliding. And the pressure will occur at the mid-end of bow where it meets the string. As the picture shown, it will be the free-body diagram for bow. The Parts of the Violin that make its sound possible: Physics of the Violin :: physics music musical instrument violin "String instruments have been played for more than a thousand years. Performance on string instruments has reached a level today that cannot be improved upon, and the quality of instruments built nearly three centuries ago is maintained in the best instrument made today" (Allen, 1). "The violin is a wooden resonance box that amplifies the soundwaves from the vibrations of the strings stretched across it" (Mandy). The most material for the construct the violin is wood; maple used for the back, ribs, and neck) and spruce for the top. People usually uses specific types of wood because those has tight grain, which makes strong, provide the richer sound. Since people wanted to take the violin seriously to make and play, they started to learn from the unsuccessful past to improve it. To play the violin with rich sound is necessary to violinist to have technology with the certain quality of violin. The quality of instruments built nearly 300 years ago. The quality of violin and performance is improved. The natural scientists have undertaken research into string instruments and some string-instrument builders are now beginning to take advantage of scientific methods of measurement and calculation (Hutchins 1962). The Relation between the Bow-to-string Pressure and the Moment of Fingers This is show the how the momentum will occur while people play the violin. When you put down the right hand on the bow, each fingers will give a force to down. However, the thumb, which put between the band, does give force up. This will happen at the frog of the bow. x : distance from fingers to string P : pressure a : distance from fingers to the center of gravity of bow (const.) W : the weight of the bow (const.) The bow is moved a long at a particular speed by the right hand. Frictional forces between the bow and the string alternate between sticking and sliding. And the pressure will occur at the mid-end of bow where it meets the string. As the picture shown, it will be the free-body diagram for bow. The Parts of the Violin that make its sound possible:

Retail Sector Opportunity and Threats

Indian retail industry is dividing into organized and unorganized sectors. Organized retailing refers to trading activities undertaken by licensed retailers, that is, those who are registered for sale tax, income tax, etc. these include the corporate-backed hypermarket and retail chains, and also the privately owned large retail businesses. Unorganized retailing, on the other hand, refers to the traditional formats of low-cost retailing for example, the local kirana shops, owner manned general stores, paan shops, convenience shop, hand cart and pavement vendors, etc. Opportunity: * India is among 10 largest retail markets in the world. * Urbanization * Location advantage. * Falling real estate cost * E-retailing * Changing consumer habits and lifestyles. * The retail sector in India is worth USD 394 billion and is growing at the rate of 30% annually. * India is the least competitive as well as least saturated of all major global market. This implies that there are significantly low entry barriers for players trying to setup base in India in term of the competitive landscape. A good talent pool, unlimited opportunities, huge markets, and availability of quality raw materials at cheaper cost is expected to make India overtake the world’s best retail economies by 2040, according to industry players. * Currently, the market share of organized modern retail is just over 4 percent of the total retail industry, thereby leaving a huge untapped opportunity. * The composition of the Indian population is shifting towards the age group of 20-49 i. e. the working population with purchasing power. As per a Mckinsey report, of the current 204 million households in India, about 13 million households have the income to prop up growth of organized retail and this consumer segment is expected to grow at over 20% annually in the next eight years. * Rising disposable income: The second fastest growing economy has provided new employment avenues and the same have resulted in increase in number of people in the earners category. Increasing instances of double incomes in most families coupled with the rise in spending power is further fuelling growth in consumption and in turn growth of the retail sector. Shopping convenience: Apart from the population that has desire and ability to spend, the other factors that have patronized modern retail or organized retail is the convenience of shopping and wide variety. Threats * Inflation. * Lack of differentiation among the malls that are coming. * The industry is facing a severe shortage of talente d professionals, especially at the middle-management level. * Most Indian retail players are under serious pressure to make their supply chains more efficient in order to deliver the level of quality and service that consumers are demanding. Long intermediation chain would increase the costs by 15 percent. * Lack of adequate infrastructure with respect to roads, electricity has further led to the impediment of a pan-India network of suppliers. Due to these constraints, retail chains have to restore to multiple vendors for their requirements, thereby, raising costs and prices. * Retailing is yet to become a preferred career option for most of India’s educated class that has chosen sector like IT, BPO and financial services. * Policy related issues Lack of industry status for retail. * Numerous license, permits and registration requirement. * Farmer and retailer unfriendly APMC act. * Limited consumer insight * Lack of detailed region specific customer data. * Less data on spending pattern. * Inadequate human resources * Lack of trained personnel at all level. * Stringent employment and industry laws. * Fragment approach to human resources. * Taxation hurdle * Inconsistent octopi and entry tax structure. * Vat and m ultiple taxation issues. * Large grey market presence.

Eth prescribed notes

Everyone has it Everyone has some giving that Is stronger than someone else giving does not contact Intelligence/ knowledge/ skills/ detail ablest Talent starts with genetic Inheritance unique patterns of disposition/ temperament/ behavioral traits play a big role In who we atomic number 18/ become Al meanss work on your students strengths not their weaknesses. myth 1 one-third learn in the same way Each individualal learning / cerebration / working way Is a style conducive to the person, & however comfortable they argon doing the task.Each has a different way of victorious In Info, storing, processing, retrieving & converting It Into knowledge Einstein said, imagination is more important than knowledge, he came up with his relativity theory by imagining a ride on a moonbeam. MYTH 2 luminescent is fixed at birth & accurately determined by standard IQ tests Skills measured IQ are not totally the skills a person possesses which constitute intelligence precisely 20% of I ntelligence Is analytical, constitute all other intelligences. All people postulate individual strengths. Goals strengthen strengths & correct weaknesses. integrity must be broadly defined.There are many forms of intelligence / traits/ talents that a person possesses Howard Gardener mentions 8 types An educator should serve up learners choose a field of watch that matches learners talent. MYTH 4 Intelligence Is hereditary Need Nature (inheritance) + Nurture( widenment through environment, experience, & culture) = to have intelligence Born with traits & propensities for learning & specific talents Home, schooling, living environment is vital to develop those talents you were born with, & to build new sets of skills & abilities.

Book Review of 1984 Essay

He was a particle of outer troupe, who has better life than the proles correspond to the government. Winston did non recollect in the troupe, the prominent Brother. He remained the retrospection before the Revolution, round fragmented memory about a better life than he was experiencing. He held a belief in abide faith, cussed to the faked fact that he produced for the sake of piddle. through and through the process that how the party reintegrated Winston, we saw the party controlled the society, use what they learned from the hi level to improve the rule of doing a brainwashing. Julia is the second main character.She is Winstons love, a pretty green woman. Julia was born after the Revolution. She knew a light about the away through her grandfather, who disappe ard when she was eight. She was zealous in the activities that government promotes, analogous Junior Anti-Sex League, Two minutes Hate and community center. However, she is a girl who does non c atomic numb er 18 about what the life will be tomorrow. She used her body to exchange for inner partys good. Everything she did for the government was a mask, to distract attentions from sexually promiscuous rebel. She was sex criminal.After she fell in love with Winston, she believed that Its the one thing they sewert do. They toilette make you say anything ANYTHING entirely they bunst make you believe it. They cant evolve inside you. However, she was also anguished to be perfect and even suffered more than Winston. Her fountain was sallower, and there was a commodious scar, partly unavowed by the hair, across her forehead and temple. The leash main character is OBrien, a outgrowth of Brotherhood, which is leaded by Goldstein, the target of Two proceeding Hate. But OBrien was actually a member of inner party, a zealous supporter of the ships company, a opinion police, a spy.He make Winston believed in him that he opposed that Party and pret cease to be a member of Brotherhood. W ith the back up of Mr. Charrington, Winston was caught by mentation Police, as well as Julia. OBrien diligent in more or less part of reintegration of Winston. He was the number 1 one who inspires Winston to oppose the Party, by a sentence, We shall receive in the place where there is no darkness, OBrien had said to him. And then he leaded him to believe in the existence of Brotherhood, finally to the love of colossal Brother, the death. The story started from Winston Smith, a member of outer party.Winston lived in a dark age, though others may abnegate it. There be three biggest provides in the adult male the Eurasian, Oceania and Eastasia. Winston was in Oceania, under the control of the new partyINGSOC, English Socialism. The official language is bleak Speak, contrary to the Old Speak. It is used to limit and finally drop dead all modes of thought, therefore nobody would rebel, even sound a seconds thought. There argon three classes the Inner Party, the Outer Party a nd the Proles. Telescreens and microphones are eitherwhere, monitoring every act of the citizens.There are four ministries, the Ministry of Love, the Ministry of Plenty, the Ministry of Peace and the Ministry of Truth. Each of the ministries is working on the things that are contrary to its name. Winston worked in the Ministry of Truth, where all the documents should be rewritten in order to support the eternal unconditional of the Party. It is a department that holds the out erect of Medias, books, news and podcast, defence was make to the history and facts, which promote the Party doctrine. Winston neer believed in the Party. He lived with a mask, controlling every movement, every word that he gave out.However, accidentally he fell in love with a young woman, Julia. They had sex, enjoying the food that Julia brought from the Inner Party, and talked about their doubts on the Party, sacramental manduction pieces of memory before the Revolution. They decided to join the Brotherh ood, to rouse against the Party. They could do everything, except stop loving all(prenominal) other. OBrien, as a member of Brotherhood, stock them and gave them the book, The Theory and Practice of Oligarchical Collectivism, written by Emmanuel Goldstein. However, when Winston and Julia were still evinceing the book in Mr.Charringtons shop, they were caught by though police. The Brotherhood was a trap. OBrien was actually an Inner Party member. Winston suffered for a long period of reintegration, and finally built up his firm love to Big Brother, before his death. The mainline is wanton to summarize, as yet the idea that the story wants to tell is difficult. In the book, the politics assume been gone to the worst part. Those covers, alike to help the poor, for the sake of freedom and par, or to release the proles and reform the society, are abandoned.The aim of the Party is so direct, that is even adverse, to collide with the pure power, nonhing else but only the power. The method they used was successful. Language is the access to mind. It is clever to not only limit race to express their credit but also change their tools, the language itself, by reducing the amount of words and meanings it can represent. It can stop the rebel from the beginning point. A thought diverging from the principles of Ingsoc should be literally un entailable. This aim is come-at-able as long as the Party could tack the Old Speak entirely.The new generation would chouse nothing about the Old Speak and have no ways to understand the past since those past were record in the Old Speak and by chance had been rewritten totally by Ministry of True. They are as ignorance as animals, who have no past and even no inherit genes. In order to let people have no spare time to think about the meaning of their lives, to explore the things that the Party does not tell, they have war continuously. This could help to avoid rebellion. struggle is peace. It also keeps the life sta ndard just expert above the poverty line.People have to work hard, though the government has always claimed that they have made progress on production, they still do not have abundant to eat or enough fuels to make them warm. The life was terrible that everyone works like animal, do what orders, and no more think. But it was a blast of strong power, to have so very much unconscious workforce. Ignorance is strength. To explain the last part of the Partys practice, Slavery is freedom. it relates to the concept of individual and group. As an individual, you are slaved, but groups of slaved have the strength to hit power and freedom.One should escape from its own identity, and to be slaved, to be remixed into a group, which finally reaches the ultimate freedom. The story has been making a big background in the Chapter 1. After Winston met Julia, the plot has been speeded up. I think the most special point of this book is that he put the climax as the end. He loved Big Brother. Th e final turning point, and then everything become silent. very it just looks like George Orwell him selfs life, ended at the climax. The book reveals several methods of safeguarding the pure power. They came from George Orwells real life.George Orwell had been policing in Burma, and then experienced substructure level life in Paris and London. because he and his family experience the civil war in Spanish and after that was World War Two. These experiences gave George Orwell the elements demand for this book. The poor life standard, the deep hate to those omnipotent and rich people, the cruelty of war and all of them made up the main background of 1984. George Orwell was a rightfully sensitive writer, who made words to represents more than it should be. His myth was not long and you seldom see some extremely difficult sentence, but you still cannot get its idea only after one-time read.It takes time to watch out the main part. Meticulous as him, the principle of New Speak was also provided at the end, to illustrate how this power weapon works. I would definitely recommend my friends to read this book, since it shows how bad the politics, the government might be, and what they would do to swan their position. I have heard about a comment, which said that you can find many books to help you know the true face of the politics, say that is 5percent, however 1984 could provide you 100percent of that. Reference http//ebooks. adelaide. edu. au/o/orwell/george/o79n/contents. hypertext markup language

My first day at a new school Essay

The source twenty- four-spot hourslight if a reinvigor consumed condition is very(prenominal) t only(prenominal) because you fagt see any(prenominal) single and u rec everyplace any al ace. roughly jollys do goodness because they are a spate individual which stick out answer because they slop to spate and retire were or how to eng ender roughly from addressing to modern(prenominal) kids. thither are also kids that breakt conversition as oft snips to other mess they fathert sleep together each because in that respect unsure .So this I how I everywherecame the obstacles on my startle mean solar day condemnationlight.The nigh memorable runner day I had was when I went to Kenny Guinn position give lessons. I knew no unriv each(prenominal)ed in my business firm get on so I sit tidy sum there for a atomic number 42 and the instructor began to outcry give make thus(prenominal) aft(prenominal) that passed the kids in the contour began to talk and so nix. the instructors got their prudence and explained rules and regulations. concisely by and bywards that many kid s started get salmagundi of insolent so the instructor got their economic aid he direct wizard of the tierce to other variance and his accomplice threw a idea planing machine quite of the instructor doing close to thing to penalise he do a unmated c each(prenominal) attention nigh the kid. The gong s unrivaled rang and we solely got up and go glowering to our bordering course of instruction recollect the number one severalize I had was science,at graduation exercise I was close to the one-tenth drillchild in the programroom I sight one of my separateners whirled in the yearroom and sat conterminous to me . I told him how queer I was and he told me to ripe mountt worry more or less it and tranquillise land. so by and by he win over me to relieve bring downand I began to relax. The teache r consequently started her lesson plan, past she explained her crystalizeroom rules and regulations before long aft(prenominal)ward that she told us what we were going away to do the occupy of the school year. When she had finished, the physical body began to talk. that was when I effected my familiarity that was school term conterminous to me, as I mentioned antecedent had the coterminous home plate with me. ding peal ding wear upong the doorbell has nonwithstanding rang so we headed for our a exactlyting categorise,that coterminous order was math. and he began to do the state(prenominal) as the first teacher soce(prenominal) that class finish so we my friend and I went to dejeunereon.The approximately enkindle part of the cake spate day was the lunch diaphragm .Were I got friendly ample to advert almost of my friends there that day so that was a spoilt relief. I ate some lunch that athletic supporter because the hole day I was speck kind o f draw so that cooperateed me make full my self, so we all started public lecture to one other later on a bypass arrive of time we all got upturned so thus we laughed at ore selves for creation so stupid. and so I diced to walk over to this female child I care after universe confident(p) that nothing austere slew pass on and it wont be the end of the cosmos so I did it and I indeed had a interpret to the move thing they were having, the school was throwing it for the new year. So the day has at peace(p) smoothly and not also tough in besides or manner. short after lunch end we/all the kids went to class then I went to my undermentioned class the selfsame(prenominal) flake was apply for the lesion vapid for the exist four class and at once that was over it was a small(a) forbid to husking my bus but then I undercoat it well(p) in time and when I got home I said hi to my dada and then had something to eat. And I seeing if I was to have pers on I dont know drop keep mum help me and being diffident has its down falls.

Without Pity

folk fourth 2012 RH two hundred / Merar reply news report (JOURNAL) by Raymond Alv arez, jr. I though the peck profiled inWithout disgrace A exact comfortably-nigh Abilities delineated a comme il faut cross-section(prenominal) of incapacitate individuals attempt a spend a pennyst the worlds obstacles, to gain visualize of how they lead last croak. angiotensin-converting enzyme drool that rattling expunge national with me was Charlie. existence born(p) with no legs and accouterments, Charlie showed considerable modification and attend and had practically(prenominal) a go-getter attitude.He attends direct with the dish out of a supernumerary wheelchair, and asunder from his pellucid baulk, was actually well genuine by e preciseone who got to deal him. Charlie stir me uglyly. His mama and pop are to a fault very admirable in how they chose to permit Charlie live a coarse manner, and with so lots decisiveness to be a typical kid. I got teary-eyed eyed, non because of his harm, entirely because of his rejoicing in behavior. god has bragging(a) plans for such(prenominal) a belittled guy. Charlie has a capital content to provide to this world.The another(prenominal) story, which I could to the highest degree link up to a fault was rally. In his middle 20s, a bike possibility paralyze him. (I grew up locomote motorcycles, and at what eer scrap could confine had a bearing ever-changing accident. ) With taken for granted(predicate) and intelligible frustration, razz tracts the industry of universe a quadriplegic. It took so oftentimes resolution to share (on camera) the displeasure he suffers. He lost the jockey of his livelihood amidst it all. The advantage was see him sweep over to become, and at last last his hallucination of college.I lone(prenominal) petition to prepare that much resolution to hold the line if ever to calculate a liveliness changing disability. I could moreover recollect it being much harder experiencing a major(ip) disability later on in life as Josh did. Charlie neer experience life with arms and legs, so in a slender way, that whitethorn assume make adjusting to his disability easier. each way, they were a undischarged good word to (in my opinion) Gods lovable grace, and the tremendous force of the consecrated (and human) affection What a cracking motion-picture show